(1). Louis Waddell and Bruce D. Bomberger, The French and Indian War in Pennsylvania 1753-1763: Fortification and Struggle During the War for Empire (Harrisburg: Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission, 1996), 1.
(2). Daniel Marston, The French and Indian War 1754-1760 ( New York: Routledge, 2003), 11.
(3). Ibid., 11-12.
(4). Ibid., 12.
(5). Ibid., 12-13.
(6). Waddell, The French and Indian War in Pennsylvania, 14.
(7). Marston, The French and Indian War, 13 .
(8). Susan E. Klepp, “Encounter and Experiment: The Colonial Period.” In Pennsylvania : A History of the Commonwealth, Randall M. Miller and William Pencak, eds. ( University Park, Pennsylvania: The Pennsylvania State University Press, 2002), 63-64.
(9). Ibid., 65-67.
(10). William A Starna, “The Diplomatic Career of Canasatego.” In Friends and Enemies in Penn’s Woods: Indians, Colonists, and the Racial Construction of Pennsylvania, William Pencak and Daniel K. Richter, eds. ( University Park, Pennsylvania: The Pennsylvania State University Press, 2004), 149.
(11). Jack D Marietta, “Conscience, the Quaker Community, and the French and Indian War.” The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography Vol. 94 (Jan., 1971), 15.
(12). Ibid., 7.
(13). Smith, William. A brief state of the province of Pennsylvania . . . ( London: R. Griffiths, 1755), 5.
(14). Ibid., 7-8.
(15). Ibid., 8-10.
(16). Ibid., 11-12.
(17). Ibid., 13-17.
(18). Ibid., 25.
(19). Ibid., 25-27.
(20). Ibid., 42.
(21). Robert Calhoon, “William Smith.” American National Biography, John A. Garraty and Mark C. Carnes, eds. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1999).
(22). Ibid.
(23). Ibid.
(24). Ibid.
(25). Ibid.
(26). Ibid.
(27). Marietta, “Conscience, the Quaker Community, and the French and Indian War,” 7.
(28). Ibid., 6.
(29). William Forster, letter dated 14 October 1755; quoted in Peter Brock, The Quaker Peace Testimony 1660-1914 (York, England: Sessions Book Trust, 1990) 120.
(30). Isaac Sharpless, A History of Quaker Government in Pennsylvania (Philadelphia: T.S. Leach and Co., 1900), 44.
(31). Amelie Mott Gummere, The Journal and Essays of John Woolman (New York, 1922), 204-210; quoted in Marietta, “Conscience, the Quaker Community, and the French and Indian War,” 14.
(32). Marietta, “Conscience, the Quaker Community, and the French and Indian War,” 17.
(33). Brock, The Quaker Peace Testimony, 118-119.
(34). Israel Pemberton to John Forthergill, Dec. 17, 1755, Pemberton Papers, II, 8, Etting Collection; quoted in Marietta, “Conscience, the Quaker Community, and the French and Indian War,” 17.
(35). Marietta, “Conscience, the Quaker Community, and the French and Indian War,” 18.
(36). Ibid., 22.
(37). Ibid.
(38). Ibid., 24-25.
(39). Ibid., 26.
(40). Camenzind, Krista, “Violence, Race, and the Paxton Boys.” In Friends and Enemies, 202.
(41). Sharpless, Quaker Government in Pennsylvania, 273.
(42). Matthew C. Ward, Breaking the Backcountry: The Seven Years’ War in Virginia and Pennsylvania , 1754-1765, ( Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2003), 60.
(43). Marietta, ““Conscience, the Quaker Community, and the French and Indian War,” 25.
(44). William Pencak, “The Promise of Revolution 1750-1800.” In Pennsylvania : a History of the Commonwealth, Miller and Pencak, 120.
(45). Ibid.